Challenges of using artificial intelligence under traditional rules of international humanitarian law

Abstract

In recent years, unprecedented developments in artificial intelligence technology have enabled machines to perform virtually all human tasks across various aspects of life; These machines have surpassed human capabilities in numerous fields, owing to their ability to process data, store information, and make decisions with a level of efficiency unattainable by humans. They can accurately identify and strike targets.                                                                                      
There is no fixed definition or specific form of artificial intelligence, as it is in a constant state of evolution. Despite its many benefits, artificial intelligence poses significant risks and potential harms. This study aims to explore the concept of artificial intelligence and its distinct characteristics.                              
While this technology offers a multitude of advantages, it also presents         numerous legal, ethical, and humanitarian challenges—particularly when employed in armed conflicts. It is essential that weapons enhanced by artificial intelligence technologies comply with the traditional principles of international humanitarian law, including the principles of distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and the Martens Clause.                                                                                                      In cases of error or harm, the issue of accountability becomes a profound challenge, as does the identification of international efforts to address such errors. This underscores the urgent need for a legal framework to regulate the use of modern technologies or to develop and amend existing international legal texts in a manner that aligns with the realities of these advanced weapons systems.